| Insert excerpt | ||||||
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This page holds the discussion on the information aspects of the service. It focuses on:
- understanding the information offered by the service (information definition)
- the filtering offered by the service.
| Table of Contents | ||||
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to do:
Base on https://codes.wmo.int/306/_4678. The information definition is based on phenomena found at https://codes.wmo.int/306/_4678.
Also check if there are things in AIRM not in 306 and decide if they should be part of the service offer.
Explanation
The information definition is extracted from the ATM Information Reference Model (https://airm.aero/). The AIRM is the ICAO endorsed reference vocabulary for defining air traffic management information. This means that the information definition is not just a copy of the IWXXM. However, service implementers who chose IWXXM can be assured that the semantic correspondences have been established (https://airm.aero/developers/semantic-correspondences).
The image below presents a simplified overview of the content of the information definition. It include:
- metadata e.g. location, validity and traceability information
- information concerning weather phenomena
- information concerning weather conditions
Information Definition
identification
| title | Aviation Meteorological Information Definition |
|---|---|
| edition | 00.01.00 |
| date | 2023-10-03 |
responsible party
organisation name | EUROCONTROL |
|---|---|
| contact information | swim@eurocontrol.int |
| role | author |
scope
| abstract | The information definition covers the elements used by the various Meteorological SWIM services. |
|---|
namespace
| namespace | tbd |
|---|
licence
| Info | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Copyright (c) 2023, EUROCONTROL ===================================== All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the names of EUROCONTROL nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this specification without specific prior written permission. THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ========================================== Editorial note: this license is an instance of the BSD license template as provided by the Open Source Initiative: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php |
data catalogue
| Info |
|---|
This section of the information definition deals with the metadata. |
Location
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Location | Geographical location used to express the geographical scope of a data. Note: Location is the root for Aerodrome, Airspace and State | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:GeoEnabledEntity@relativeLocation |
Aerodrome
Inherits from Location.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerodrome | Aerodrome | A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. | |||
| Aerodrome | designator | CharacterString | Aerodrome.designator | Designator for an aerodrome. | |
| Aerodrome | locationIndicatorICAO | Aerodrome.locationIndicatorICAO | A four-letter code group formulated in accordance with rules prescribed by ICAO and assigned to the aerodrome. | ||
| Aerodrome | designatorIATA | CharacterString | Aerodrome.designatorIATA | Identifier that is assigned to a location in accordance with rules (resolution 767) governed by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). | |
| Aerodrome | name | CharacterString | Aerodrome.name | Primary official name of an aerodrome as designated by an appropriate authority. |
Airspace
Inherits from Location.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Airspace | Airspace | A defined three dimensional region of space relevant to air traffic. | |||
| Airspace | designator | CharacterString | Airspace.designator | Published sequence of characters allowing the identification of the airspace. | |
| Airspace | name | CharacterString | Airspace.name | Name given to an airspace by a responsible authority. | |
| Airspace | type | CodeAirspaceType [0..1] | Airspace.type | Indicator of the general structure or characteristics of a particular airspace. |
State
Inherits from Location.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | State | An internationally recognized geographic entity that provides air traffic service. | |||
| State | icaoNationalityLetters | CharacterString [0..1] | State.icaoNationalityLetters | Nationality letters as defined by ICAO. | |
| State | isoCountryCode | CharacterString [0..1] | State.isoCountryCode | Country codes as defined by ISO. | |
| State | name | CharacterString | State.name | Full official name of the state. | |
| State | territory | CharacterString [0..1] | State.territory | Name of the territory within the state. |
Organisation Responsible
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifier of MET provider... | |||||
| source | CharacterString | Name of entity or organisation that supplied data. | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:TemporalEnabledEntity@source |
Position of Observation, Forecast
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| position | The geometry of the entity expressed as the position of a point on the surface of the Earth. | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:GeoEnabledEntity@position |
Temporal
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This is part of the message metadata - observation time, validity of forecast | |||||
| endValidity | DateTime | Date and time at which the data contained in the entity state ceases to be effective. | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:TemporalEnabledEntity@endValidity | ||
| startValidity | DateTime | Date and time at which the data contained in the entity state starts to be effective. | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:TemporalEnabledEntity@startValidity | ||
| lastRevision | DateTime | Date and time when the data was last revised. | urn:aero:airm:1.1.0:LogicalModel:Abstract:TemporalEnabledEntity@lastRevision |
| Info |
|---|
This section of the information definition concerns the weather conditions. |
WeatherCondition
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeatherCondition | Weather observations or forecast for an area of interest. Note: This is the root for the various aviation conditions: AerodromeCondition. | ||||
| analysisTime | DateTime | The time at which the forecast or observation process starts. | |||
| changeIndicator | CodeChangeIndicatorType | Indication about the type of meteorological conditions changes. | |||
| confidence | Quality of trusting for a forecast expressed as a percentage. | ||||
| hasNoSignificantWeather | Indication that no specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations is occurring or expected to occur. | ||||
| probability | Relative likelihood of a forecast expressed as a percentage. | ||||
| type | CodeWeatherConditionType | The type of weather condition being reported. | |||
| weatherInformationSource | WeatherInformationSource | The weather information source. | |||
| contour | Contour | A contour used to outline a particular weather situation within the forecast or observation. | |||
| phenomenon | WeatherPhenomenon | The phenomenon of relevance for the weather condition. |
Contour
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contour | An estimated or observed outline of a particular weather situation. | ||||
| contourValue | Measure | The value of the measure that applies to that contour. For example a pressure chart could have contours where each contour line represents a specific pressure value, this could be sorted in the contourValue. |
AviationCondition
Inherits from WeatherCondition.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AviationCondition | Weather observations and or forecast for a specific aeronautical location or airspace volume. | ||||
| airPressure | Force per unit area exerted into a surface by the weight of air above that surface. | ||||
| airTemperature | The temperature indicated by a thermometer exposed to the air in a place sheltered from direct solar radiation. | ||||
| dewpointTemperature | The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur. | ||||
| maximumAirTemperature | The maximum air temperature. | ||||
| maximumAirTemperatureTime | The time of the occurrence of the maximum air temperature. | ||||
| minimumAirTemperature | The minimum air temperature. | ||||
| minimumAirTemperatureTime | The time of the occurrence of the minimum air temperature. | ||||
| relativeHumidity | At a given pressure and temperature, the percentage ratio of the gram-molecular weight of the water vapour to the gram-molecular weight that the air would have if it were saturated with respect to water at the same pressure and temperature. | ||||
| verticalVisibility | Maximum distance at which an observer can see and identify an object on the same vertical as himself, above or below. | ||||
| ceiling | Meteorological information about the cloud ceiling. | ||||
| horizontalVisibility | HorizontalVisibility | The greatest horizontal distance at which selected objects can be seen, identified, and/or measured with instrumentation. |
AerodromeCondition
Inherits from AviationCondition.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AerodromeCondition | Weather observations and or forecast for an aerodrome | ||||
| cavok | Boolean | Visibility, cloud and present weather better than prescribed values or conditions. | |||
| qfe | ValPressureType | Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation. A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the Standard Atmosphere, when set to a QFE altimeter setting using this particular pressure value, will indicate the height above the aerodrome environment. | |||
| qnh | ValPressureType | Q Code corresponding to the derived atmospheric pressure at Mean Sea Level, based on the atmospheric pressure at the reference point converted using the characteristics of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere. | |||
| ValPressureType | Cloud | The cloud conditions at the aerodrome. |
AirspaceCondition
Inherits from AviationCondition.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AirspaceCondition | Weather-related observations and forecasts of relevance to an airspace. | ||||
| airspace | Airspace | The airspace which is subject to observation or forecast. |
RouteCondition
Inherits from AviationCondition.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RouteCondition | Weather observations and / or forecasts related to routes. | ||||
| route | Route | The route which is subject to observation or forecast. |
RunwayCondition
Inherits from AviationCondition.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RunwayCondition | |||||
| qfe | Atmospheric pressure at runway threshold elevation. A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the Standard Atmosphere, when set to a QFE altimeter setting using this particular pressure value, will indicate the height above the touch-down zone of the runway. | ||||
| temperature | The temperature measured by a probe under the runway surface at the touchdown (TDZ) zone. | ||||
| rvr | RunwayVisualRange | The observed or forecast runway visual range. | |||
| runway | Runway | The runway which is subject to observation or forecast. |
Ceiling
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceiling | Height above the Earth's surface of the base of the lower cloud layer whose amount exceeds a specific value. | ||||
| isVariable | An indicator which denotes a ceiling of less than 3,000 feet, which rapidly increases or decreases in height by established criteria during the period of observation. | ||||
| lowerBoundVariableCeiling | The lowest variable ceiling height evaluated. | ||||
| upperBoundVariableCeiling | The highest variable ceiling height evaluated. |
HorizontalVisibility
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HorizontalVisibility | An aggregation of horizontal visibility conditions typically reported together at an aerodrome, including the prevailing visibility and minimum visibility. | ||||
| isPrevailingVisibilityAbove10000metres | Indication that the prevailing visibility is of at least 10000 meters. | ||||
| isUnidirectionalVisibility | Indication whether the horizontalVisibility is given for a single direction or not. | ||||
| minimumVisibility | Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of: a) the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognized when observed against a bright background; b) the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. | ||||
| minimumVisibilityDirection | The direction of the minimum visibility relative to the reporting station. | ||||
| prevailingVisibility | The greatest visibility value, observed in accordance with the definition of "visibility", which is reached within at least half the horizon circle or within at least half of the surface of the aerodrome. These areas could comprise contiguous or non-contiguous sectors. |
RunwayVisualRange
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RunwayVisualRange | The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line. | ||||
| rvrTendency | When instrumented systems are used for the assessment of runway visual range, the variations in runway visual range during the 10-minute period immediately preceding the observation. | ||||
| rvrValue | Value of the Runway Visual Range. | ||||
| rvrValueInterpretation | The relational operator that can be used for interpreting the RVR value, for instance in order to express a mean RVR of at least 2000 meters (ABOVE 2000 meters). | ||||
| associatedRunwayDirection | RunwayDirection | The runway direction for which the RVR is specified. |
Route
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route | A specified route designed for channeling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic service (ATS) from the end of the take-off and initial climb phase to the commencement of the approach and landing phase. | ||||
| designatorNumber | Integer | The number of the route designator. | |||
| designatorPrefix | CharacterString CodeRouteDesignatorPrefixType | A prefix for the route designator, indicating whether the route is upper ATS, reserved for helicopters or reserved for supersonic flights. | |||
| designatorSecondLetter | CharacterString CodeRouteDesignatorLetterType | The letter of the route designator, which may have special significance with regard to the route usage limitations, depending on the region. |
Runway
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runway | A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft. | ||||
| designator | CharacterString | The designator of a runway, used to uniquely identify it at an aerodrome. |
RunwayDirection
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RunwayDirection | One of the two possible landing and/or take-off directions of a runway or Final Approach and Take-off Area (FATO). | ||||
| designator | CharacterString | A designator for one of the two possible landing and/or take-off directions of a runway or final approach and take-off area. |
| Info |
|---|
This section of the information definition concerns the weather information sources. |
WeatherInformationSource
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeatherInformationSource | WeatherInformationSource | An automated or non-automated weather information source. Note: This is the root for the various weather information sources. | |||
| isAltimeterInformationProvided | WeatherInformationSource.isAltimeterInformationProvided | Indicates whether the weather source provides altimeter information. | |||
isWeatherStation | WeatherInformationSource.isWeatherStation | Indicator that the source is a weather station. |
AutomatedWeatherObservationSystem
Inherits from WeatherInformationSource.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AutomatedWeatherObservationSystem | Automated sensor suites which are designed to serve aviation and meteorological observing needs for safe and efficient aviation operations and weather forecasting. | ||||
| weatherSystemName | The name of the weather observation system. |
NonAutomatedWeatherObservationSource
Inherits from WeatherInformationSource.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NonAutomatedWeatherObservationSource | |||||
| nonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | The type of weather information source. |
ManualSurfaceWeatherObservation
Inherits from NonAutomatedWeatherObservationSource.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ManualSurfaceWeatherObservation | Manual Surface Weather Observation | ||||
NonAutomatedWeatherObservationInstrument
Inherits from NonAutomatedWeatherObservationSource.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NonAutomatedWeatherObservationInstrument | Non-Automated Weather Observation Instrument | ||||
| weatherInstrumentType | CodeWeatherInstrumentType | The type of weather instrument used in non-automated weather observation. |
SurfaceWeatherObservation
Inherits from AutomatedWeatherObservationSystem.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SurfaceWeatherObservation | Surface weather observations provide numerous weather elements, that are observed by a variety of sensors, both measurable (e.g., pressure and temperature) and derived elements (e.g., density altitude). | ||||
| surfaceWeatherObservationSystemType | CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | The type of surface weather observation system. |
| Info |
|---|
This section of the information definitions covers weather phenomena. |
WeatherPhenomenon
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeatherPhenomenon | WeatherPhenomenon | A meteorological event. Note: This is the root for the various weather phenomena. | |||
| base | ValDistanceType | Altitude of the lowest level of the description of a weather phenomenon. | |||
| intensity | CodeWeatherIntensityType | Severity of a weather phenomenon. | |||
| phenomenonType | CodeWeatherPhenomenonType | Description of the type of a weather phenomenon. Note: The codelist gives phenomena that have no additional properties of their own. | |||
| significantWeatherQualifier | CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType | A qualifier used in association with a reported significant weather phenomenon. | |||
| top | ValDistanceType | Altitude of the highest level of the description of a weather phenomenon. | |||
| movement | MovementDescription | The movement of the weather phenomenon. | |||
| weatherCondition | WeatherCondition | The observation or forecast of the weather phenomenon. |
MovementDescription
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MovementDescription | Movement information associated with a phenomenon. | ||||
| directionFrom | The angle from which the meteorological phenomenon is moving. | ||||
| directionTowards | Heading of the movement of a meteorological phenomenon. | ||||
| fromCardinalDirection | The cardinal direction from which the meteorological phenomenon is moving. | ||||
| isStationary | Indication whether a meteorological phenomenon is moving or not. | ||||
| speed | Speed of the movement of the meteorological phenomenon. | ||||
| towardsCardinalDirection | The cardinal direction towards which the meteorological phenomenon is moving. |
Cloud
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud | A hydrometeor consisting of minute particles of liquid water or ice, or of both, suspended in the free air and usually not touching the ground. It may also include larger particles of liquid water or ice and non-aqueous liquid or solid particles such as those present in fumes, smoke and dust. | ||||
| cloudAmount | CodeCloudAmountType | Fraction of the sky covered by the clouds of a certain genus, species, variety, layer or combination of clouds. | |||
| cloudType | CodeCloudType | Categorization of the cloud depending on its main characteristics. | |||
| isAmoutAndBaseNotObservable | Boolean | Indication that cumulonimbus clouds or towering cumulus clouds are detected by the automatic observing system but the cloud amount and the height of cloud base cannot be observed. | |||
| isEmbedded | Boolean | Surrounded, or part of a wider cloud layer, in opposition to isolated. | |||
| isNoCloudDetected | Boolean | No clouds are detected by the automatic observing system. | |||
| isNoSignificantCloudDetected | Boolean | No clouds of operational significance are detected by the ceilometer(s) in reports from fully automatic observing systems. | |||
| isObscured | Boolean | Hidden or out of sight by haze, smoke or cloud for example. | |||
| isWidespread | Boolean | Affecting a large area. |
Convection
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convection | In the atmosphere, convection is the dominant vertical transport process in convective boundary layers, which are common over tropical oceans and, during sunny days, over continents. Moist convection in the atmosphere is characterized by deep, saturated updrafts and downdrafts, and unsaturated downdrafts driven by the evaporation and melting of precipitation. This form of convection is made visible by cumulus clouds and cumulonimbus clouds in the case of precipitation convection. | ||||
ConvectionCell
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ConvectionCell | A volume of convective air. | ||||
| convectionCellOvershootPosition | TwoDimensionalPointType | Location in latitude and longitude of the convection cell overshoot. | |||
| convectionCellTopVariation | CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | The observed variation of the altitude of the upper part convection cell. | |||
| convectionCellType | CodeConvectionCellType | Indication whether the convection cell described is the base (cell base) of a cell, or the upper part of a cell (cell top). |
Icing
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icing | Formation of ice, rime, or hoarfrost on an aircraft in flight. | ||||
| accretionRate | Decimal | Ratio of growth of the ice deposit. |
Obscuration
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obscuration | A weather phenomenon which reduces the visibility due to hydrometeor or lithometeor in suspension in the air. | ||||
| type | CodeObscurationType | Type of hydrometeor. |
Precipitation
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precipitation | Hydrometeor consisting of a fall of an ensemble of particles. The forms of precipitation are: rain, drizzle, snow, snow grains, snow pellets, diamond dust, hail and ice pellets. | ||||
| amount | Integer | Total amount of precipitation measured over a defined period, expressed in mm/hours. | |||
| type | CodePrecipitationType | Description of the precipitation characteristics using a classification. |
TornadicVortex
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TornadicVortex | A violently rotating column of air, usually pendant to a cumulonimbus, with circulation reaching the ground. It nearly always starts as a funnel cloud and may be accompanied by a loud roaring noise. | ||||
| isFunnelCloud | Boolean | Indicates a violent, rotating column of air, which does not touch the surface, usually appended to a cumulonimbus cloud. | |||
| isTornado | Boolean | Indicates a violent, rotating column of air touching the ground. It forms a pendant, usually from a cumulonimbus cloud, nearly always starts as a funnel cloud, and is accompanied by a loud roaring noise. | |||
| isWaterspout | Boolean | Indicates a violent, rotating column of air that forms over a body of water, and touches the water surface; tornado or funnel cloud that touches a body of water. |
TropicalCyclone
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TropicalCyclone | Cyclone of tropical origin of small diameter (some hundreds of kilometres) with minimum surface pressure in some cases less than 900 hPa, very violent winds and torrential rain; sometimes accompanied by thunderstorms. It usually contains a central region, known as the "eye" of the storm, with a diameter of the order of some tens of kilometres, and with light winds and more or less lightly clouded sky. | ||||
| centralPressure | ValPressureType | Pressure at the centre of the cyclone. | |||
| maxSurfaceWindSpeed | ValSpeedType | Maximum surface wind speed of a tropical cyclone. | |||
| name | CharacterString | Name of the tropical cyclone. |
Turbulence
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
applicability: En-route significant weather only.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turbulence | Atmospheric flow regime characterized by chaotic and stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. | ||||
| edr | Decimal | Eddy dissipation rate, characterization of atmospheric turbulence. | |||
| turbulenceType | CodeTurbulenceType | The type of turbulence. |
VolcanicActivity
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VolcanicActivity | Volcanic unrest or eruption. | ||||
| isErupting | Indication wether a volcano is erupting or not. | ||||
| ashCloud | VolcanicAshCloud | The volcanic ash cloud generated by the volcanic activity. |
VolcanicAshCloud
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VolcanicAshCloud | Ash contaminated atmospheric volume. | ||||
| ashConcentration | ValConcentrationType | Mass concentration of ash in an ash cloud expressed in mass unit per volume unit. | |||
| volcanicActivity | VolcanicActivity | The volcanic activity at the origin of the volcanic ash cloud. |
WeatherLayer
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeatherLayer | An array of clouds and/or obscurations whose bases are at approximately the same level. | ||||
| obscuration | Obscuration | An obscuration forming part of the weather layer. | |||
| cloud | Cloud | A cloud forming part of the weather layer. |
Wind
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind | Air motion relative to the Earth's surface. Unless otherwise specified, only the horizontal component is considered. | ||||
| crosswind | ValSpeedType | A wind blowing perpendicularly to one's direction of travel or orientation. | |||
| extremeClockwiseWindDirection | Angle | The extreme clockwise direction from which the wind is blowing, inclusive. | |||
| extremeCounterClockwiseWindDirection | Angle | The extreme counter-clockwise direction from which the wind is blowing, inclusive. | |||
| headwind | ValSpeedType | A wind blowing from directly in front, opposing forward motion or orientation. | |||
| isCalm | Boolean | Indication that the wind is forecast to be less than 0.5 m/s (1 kt). | |||
| isVariable | Boolean | Indication that the direction of the wind changes frequently. According to Annex 3 the wind is reported as variable (VRB) in local routine or special reports, in METAR and SPECI, when one of the following situations occur: - when the total variation is 60 or more and less than 180 and the wind speed is less than 1.5 m/s (3 kt), the wind direction shall be reported as variable with no mean wind direction; or - when the total variation is 180 or more, the wind direction shall be reported as variable with no mean wind direction. | |||
| maxWindSpeed | ValSpeedType | The maximum speed of the wind. | |||
| minWindSpeed | ValSpeedType | The minimum speed of the wind. | |||
| verticalWindGust | ValSpeedType | Component wind gust in the upward or downward direction. | |||
| windDirection | Angle | Direction from which wind is blowing. | |||
| windGust | ValSpeedType | Variation from the mean surface wind speed as defined by ICAO Annex 3. | |||
| windSpeed | ValSpeedType | The speed of the wind. |
WindShear
Inherits from WeatherPhenomenon.
| feature | attribute | type, multiplicity | identifier | definition | semantic correspondence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WindShear | Local variation of the wind vector or any of its components in a given direction. | ||||
| level | ValDistanceType | Altitude expressed as a vertical distance where the wind shear occurs. |
simple types
CodeChangeIndicatorType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeChangeIndicatorType | CodeChangeIndicatorType | A code describing the type of meteorological conditions changes. | |
| CodeChangeIndicatorType | BECMG | A code used to describe changes where the meteorological conditions are expected to reach or pass through specified threshold values at a regular or irregular rate and at an unspecified time during the time period. | |
| CodeChangeIndicatorType | NOSIG | No significant changes are forecast with respect to the current meteorological conditions. | |
| CodeChangeIndicatorType | TEMPO | A code used to describe expected frequent or infrequent temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions which reach or pass specified threshold values and last for a period of less than one hour in each instance and, in the aggregate, cover less than one-half of the forecast period during which the fluctuations are expected to occur. |
CodeCloudAmountType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeCloudAmountType | CodeCloudAmountType | Amount of cloud - assessed by category. | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | BROKEN | (5 to 7 oktas) | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | FEW | (1 to 2 oktas) | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | OVERCAST | (8 oktas) | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | SCATTERED | (3 to 4 oktas) | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | SCATTERED_BROKEN | SCATTERED or BROKEN | |
| CodeCloudAmountType | SKY_CLEAR | (0 oktas) |
CodeCloudType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeCloudType | CodeCloudType | A code describing the types of cloud. | |
| CodeCloudType | ALTOCUMULUS | White or grey, or both white and grey, patch, sheet or layer of cloud, generally with shading, composed of laminae, rounded masses, rolls, etc., which are sometimes partly fibrous or diffuse and which may or may not be merged most of the regularly arranged small elements usually have an apparent width of between one and five degrees. | |
| CodeCloudType | ALTOSTRATUS | Greyish or bluish cloud sheet or layer of striated, fibrous or uniform appearance, totally or partly covering the sky, and having parts thin enough to reveal the Sun at least vaguely, as through ground glass. Altostratus does not show halo phenomena. | |
| CodeCloudType | CIRROCUMULUS | Thin, white patch, sheet or layer of cloud without shading, composed of very small elements in the form of grains, ripples, etc., merged or separated, and more or less regularly arranged most of the elements have an apparent width of less than one degree. | |
| CodeCloudType | CIRROSTRATUS | Transparent, whitish cloud veil of fibrous (hair-like) or smooth appearance, totally or partially covering the sky, and generally producing halo phenomena. | |
| CodeCloudType | CIRRUS | Detached clouds in the form of white, delicate filaments or white or mostly white patches or narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous (hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or both. | |
| CodeCloudType | CUMULONIMBUS | Dense and heavy cloud with a considerable mountain- or tower-shaped vertical extension. These clouds, the base of which is quite dark, may give rise to thunderstorms and generally heavy precipitation in the form of rain, snow, fine or large hail, sometimes accompanied by strong wind gusts. | |
| CodeCloudType | CUMULUS | Detached cloud, generally dense and with sharp outlines, developing vertically in the form of rising mounds, domes or towers, of which the bulging upper part is often like a cauliflower. The sunlit parts are mostly brilliant white and the base is relatively dark and nearly horizontal. Sometimes Cumulus clouds are ragged. | |
| CodeCloudType | NIMBOSTRATUS | Grey cloud layer, often dark, the appearance of which is rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain or snow, which in most cases reaches the ground. It is thick enough throughout to blot out the Sun. Low, ragged clouds frequently occur below the layer, with which they may or may not merge. | |
| CodeCloudType | STRATOCUMULUS | Banks or a layer of grey or whitish clouds generally caught on mountaintops. The base may be fuzzy or smooth and generally horizontal. | |
| CodeCloudType | STRATUS | Generally grey cloud layer with a fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle, ice prisms or snow grains. When the Sun is visible through the cloud, its outline is clearly discernible Stratus does not produce halo phenomena except, possibly, at very low temperatures sometimes it appears in the form of ragged patches. | |
| CodeCloudType | TOWERING_CUMULUS | A descriptive term, used mostly in weather observing, for cumulus congestus (Cu con). |
CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | A code describing the dynamic behaviour of the top of a convection cell. | |
| CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | CONSTANT | Indicates no sensible variation of the top altitude of a convection cell. | |
| CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | DECAYING | Indicates that the top altitude of a convection cell is lowering. | |
| CodeConvectionCellTopVariationType | GROWING | Indicates that the top altitude of a convection cell is increasing. |
CodeConvectionCellType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeConvectionCellType | CodeConvectionCellType | A code indicating whether a convection cell described is the base (cell base) of a cell, or the upper part of a cell (cell top). | |
| CodeConvectionCellType | CELL_BASE | The base (cell base) of a cell. | |
| CodeConvectionCellType | CELL_TOP | The upper part of a cell (cell top). |
CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | The types of non-automated weather information source. | |
| CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | MANUAL_SURFACE_WEATHER_OBSERVATION | Manual Surface Weather Observation | |
| CodeNonAutomatedWeatherInformationSourceType | WEATHER_INSTRUMENT | Weather Instrument. |
CodeObscurationType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeObscurationType | CodeObscurationType | A code describing the obscuration types. | |
| ObscurationType | DUST | Earth or other solid matter in a minute and fine state of subdivision, so that the particles are small and light enough to be easily raised and carried in a cloud by the wind any substance comminuted or pulverized powder. | |
| CodeObscurationType | FOG | A suspension of very small, usually microscopic water droplets in the air, reducing visibility at the Earth's surface. | |
| CodeObscurationType | HAZE | Suspension in the atmosphere of extremely small, dry particles which are invisible to the naked eye but numerous enough to give the sky an opalescent appearance. | |
| CodeObscurationType | MIST | Suspension in the air of microscopic water droplets or wet hygroscopic particles which reduce the visibility at the Earth's surface. | |
| CodeObscurationType | SAND | A material consisting of comminuted fragments and water-worn particles of rocks (mainly silicious) finer than those of which gravel is composed. | |
| CodeObscurationType | SMOKE | Suspension in the atmosphere of small particles produced by combustion. | |
| CodeObscurationType | SPRAY | Ensemble of water droplets torn by the wind from the surface of an extensive body of water, generally from the wave crests, and carried up a short distance into the air. | |
| CodeObscurationType | UNIDENTIFIED | That has not been identified of which the identity has not been established. | |
| CodeObscurationType | VOLCANIC_ASH | Extremely fine particles of pulverized rock, the composition of which, generally speaking, is comprised predominantly of silica (> 50 per cent), together with smaller amounts of the oxides of aluminium, iron, calcium and sodium. |
CodePrecipitationType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodePrecipitationType | A code describing the precipitation types. | ||
| DRIZZLE | Fairly uniform precipitation in very fine drops of water (diameter less than 0.5 mm) very close to one another, falling from a cloud. | ||
| HAIL | Precipitation of either transparent, or partly or completely opaque particles of ice (hailstones), usually spheroidal, conical or irregular in form and of diameter very generally between 5 and 50 millimetres, which falls from a cloud either separately or agglomerated into irregular lumps. | ||
| ICE_CRYSTALS | Any one of a number of macroscopic crystalline forms of ice including hexagonal columns and platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles and their combinations. | ||
| ICE_PELLETS | Precipitation of transparent particles of ice which are spherical or irregular, rarely conical, and which have a diameter of 5 mm or less. | ||
| RAIN | Precipitation of liquid water particles, either in the form of drops of more than 0.5 mm in diameter, or of smaller widely scattered drops. | ||
| SMALL_HAIL | Precipitation of translucent ice particles, which falls from a cloud. These particles are almost always spherical and sometimes have conical tips. Their diameter may attain or even exceed five millimetres. | ||
| SNOW | Precipitation of ice crystals, isolated or agglomerated, falling from a cloud. | ||
| SNOW_GRAINS | Precipitation of very small opaque white particles of ice which fall from a cloud and which are fairly flat or elongated with diameters generally less than 1 mm. | ||
| SNOW_PELLETS | Precipitation of white and opaque ice particles, which fall from a cloud and which are generally conical or rounded, with diameters attaining as much as 5 mm. | ||
| SUPERCOOLED_LARGE_DROPLET | Liquid droplets with diameters greater than 0.05 mm (50 microns) at temperatures less than 0°C, i.e., freezing rain or freezing drizzle. Due to their relatively large size and high mass, SLD are particularly hazardous to aircraft, since they can impact the aircraft surfaces outside the ice-protected regions. | ||
| UNIDENTIFIED | Unidentified precipitation. | ||
| UNKNOWN | Unknown precipitation. |
CodeRVRTendencyType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeRVRTendencyType | CodeRVRTendencyType | A code indicating, when instrumented systems are used for the assessment of RVR, the tendency (upward or downward) of the variations in RVR during the 10-minute period immediately preceding the observation. | |
| CodeRVRTendencyType | D | Downward RVR tendency | |
| CodeRVRTendencyType | N | No RVR change tendency | |
| CodeRVRTendencyType | U | Upward RVR tendency |
CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType | Qualifiers used in association with a reported significant weather phenomenon. | ||
| CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType | BLOWING | Raised by the wind to a moderate height above the ground (2 meters or more). | |
| CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType | FREEZING | Precipitation freezing on impact on the ground and on exposed objects. | |
| CodeSignificantWeatherQualifierType | LOW_DRIFTING | In motion due to the action of wind or raised by the wind to a small height above the ground (less than 2 meters). | |
| PARTIAL | Covering part of the aerodrome. | ||
| PATCHES | Occurrences over small areas. | ||
| PROXIMITY | The weather phenomenon is observed between approximately 8 km and 16 km from the aerodrome reference point. | ||
| SHALLOW | Has a very little vertical extent. | ||
| SHOWER | Precipitation, often short-lived and heavy, falling from convective clouds. A shower is characterized by its sudden beginning and ending, and generally by large and rapid changes of intensity. | ||
| THUNDERSTORM | Sudden electrical discharges manifested by a flash of light (lightning) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder). Thunderstorms are associated with convective clouds (Cumulonimbus) and are, more often, accompanied by precipitation in the form of rainshowers or hail, or occasionally snow, snow pellets, or ice pellets. |
CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | The types of surface weather observation systems. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | AUTOMATED_SURFACE_OBSERVING_SYSTEM | Automated sensor suites that are designed to serve meteorological and aviation observing needs. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | AUTOMATED_WEATHER_OBSERVING_SYSTEM | Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) is a fully configurable airport weather system that provides continuous, real time information and reports on airport weather conditions. AWOS stations are mostly operated, maintained and controlled by aviation service providers. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | AUTOMATED_WEATHER_SENSOR_SYSTEM | An advanced AWOS system. It utilizes the complex National Weather Service ASOS algorithms for data processing and distribution. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | JUNEAU_AIRPORT_WIND_SYSTEM | AWS generates turbulence alerts every minute for hazardous areas in the vicinity of Juneau airport. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | LOW_LEVEL_WIND_SHEAR_ALERT_SYSTEM | A Low level wind shear alert system measures average surface wind speed and direction using a network of remote sensor stations, situated near runways and along approach or departure corridors at an airport. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | RUNWAY_VISUAL_RANGE_SYSTEM | System for measuring runway visual range. | |
| CodeSurfaceWeatherObservationSystem | STANDALONE_WEATHER_SENSOR | A standalone weather sensor. |
CodeTurbulenceType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeTurbulenceType | CodeTurbulenceType | A code describing the types of turbulence. | |
| CodeTurbulenceType | CLEAR_AIR_TURBULENCE | Upper-atmospheric turbulence encountered by an aircraft when flying through clear air. | |
| CodeTurbulenceType | IN_CLOUD_TURBULENCE | Upper-atmospheric turbulence encountered by an aircraft when flying through a cloud. |
CodeValueContaminationExtentType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeValueContaminationExtentType | CodeValueContaminationExtentType | A code describing the proportion of a runway surface that is contaminated by a contaminant, as a percentage of the total runway area. | |
| CodeValueContaminationExtentType | LESS_THAN_10_PERCENT | Less than 10% | |
| CodeValueContaminationExtentType | BETWEEN_11_AND_25_PERCENT | Between 11% and 25% | |
| CodeValueContaminationExtentType | BETWEEN_26_AND_50_PERCENT | Between 26% and 50% | |
| CodeValueContaminationExtentType | MORE_THAN_50_PERCENT | More than 50% |
CodeWeatherConditionType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeWeatherConditionType | CodeWeatherConditionType | The type of weather condition being reported. | |
| CodeWeatherConditionType | METEOROLOGICAL_FORECAST | A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace. | |
| CodeWeatherConditionType | METEOROLOGICAL_OBSERVATION | The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements. |
CodeWeatherInstrumentType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | CodeWeatherInstrumentType | The type of non-automated instrumentation being used to measure weather data reported by a Weather Source. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | ANEMOMETER | Measures wind speed, either directly, e.g. with rotating cups, or indirectly, e.g. via pressure differences or the propagation speed of ultrasound signals. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | PITOT_TUBE | Pitot Tube. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | RAWINSONDE | GPS-based wind measurement is performed by the probe. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | WEATHER_BALLON | Passive measurement, balloon position is tracked from the ground visually or via radar wind profile is computed from drift rate and the theoretical speed of ascent. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | WEATHER_VANE | Used to indicate wind direction. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | WINDSOCK | Primarily used to indicate wind direction, may also be used to estimate wind speed by its angle. | |
| CodeWeatherInstrumentType | WXCAM | Stationary camera that produces a visual image of the local weather. |
CodeWeatherIntensityType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | CodeWeatherIntensityType | A code indicating the weather intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | LIGHT | A light intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | LIGHT_MODERATE | A light to moderate intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | MODERATE | A moderate intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | MODERATE_SEVERE | A moderate to severe intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | HEAVY | A heavy intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | NONE | A report of no intensity (no icing present, for example) for a condition. This is different from missing information. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | SEVERE | A severe intensity. | |
| CodeWeatherIntensityType | UNKNOWN | A report of unknown intensity. |
CodeWeatherPhenomenonType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeWeatherPhenomenonType | A code describing the types of weather phenomenon. | ||
| DUST_STORM | An ensemble of particles of dust energetically lifted to great heights by a strong and turbulent wind. | ||
| DUST_WHIRL | An ensemble of particles of dust or sand, sometimes accompanied by small litter, raised from the ground in the form of a whirling column of varying height with a small diameter and an approximately vertical axis. | ||
| FOG_BANK | Generally, a fairly well defined mass of fog observed in the distance, most commonly at sea. It is reported when occurring at the station. It is also reported when visible from the station but not occurring at the station and considered to be operationally significant. | ||
| FUNNEL_CLOUD | Cloud formed at the core of a waterspout or tornado vortex, sometimes extending right down to the ground, caused by the reduction of pressure at the centre of the vortex. | ||
| LIGHTNING | Luminous manifestation accompanying a sudden electrical discharge which takes place from or inside a cloud or, less often, from high structures on the ground or from mountains. | ||
| MESOCYCLONE_ALOFT | A storm-scale region of rotation, typically around 2-6 miles in diameter and often found in the right rear flank of a supercell (or often on the eastern, or front, flank of a high precipitation storm). The circulation of a mesocyclone covers an area much larger than the tornado that may develop within it. Properly used, mesocyclone is a radar term; it is defined as a rotation signature appearing on Doppler radar that meets specific criteria for magnitude, vertical depth, and duration. | ||
| MOUNTAIN_OBSCURATION | Description of a visibility condition that is distinguished from IFR because ceilings, by definition, are described as "above ground level" (AGL). In mountainous terrain clouds can form at altitudes significantly higher than the weather reporting station and at the same time nearby mountain tops may be obscured by low visibility. In these areas the ground level can also vary greatly over a small area. | ||
| MOUNTAIN_WAVE | Atmospheric internal gravity waves, which are periodic changes of atmospheric pressure, temperature and orthometric height in a current of air. | ||
| OCEAN_ICE_OBSTRUCTION | Ocean ice obstruction is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. | ||
| RADIOACTIVE_CLOUD | A radioactive particulate contaminated atmospheric area. | ||
| SAND_WHIRL | An ensemble of particles sand, sometimes accompanied by small litter, raised from the ground in the form of a whirling column of varying height with a small diameter and an approximately vertical axis. | ||
| SANDSTORM | An ensemble of particles of sand energetically lifted to great heights by a strong and turbulent wind. | ||
| SQUALL | Atmospheric phenomenon characterized by an abrupt and large increase of wind speed with a duration of the order of minutes which diminishes rather suddenly. It is often accompanied by showers or thunderstorms. | ||
| TEMPERATURE_INVERSION | Vertical temperature distribution such that temperature increases with height. |
CodeWindCharacteristicType
| codelist | value | identifier | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CodeWindCharacteristicType | CodeWindCharacteristicType | When it is not possible to forecast a prevailing surface wind direction due to its expected variability, for example, during light wind conditions (less than 3 kt) or thunderstorms, the forecast wind direction should be indicated as variable using "VRB". When the wind is forecast to be less than 1 kt the forecast wind speed should be indicated as calm. When a wind speed of 20oKm/h (100kt) or more is forecast, it should be indicated as 200Km/h (or 100kt) [ICAO ANNEX 3, recommendation 6.2.12] | |
| CodeWindCharacteristicType | 100_KNOTS | Forecasted wind on airport surface is more than 100kt (200 Km/h) | |
| CodeWindCharacteristicType | CALM | Wind direction on airport surface is irrelevant, wind is less than 1kt | |
| CodeWindCharacteristicType | NORMAL | Wind on airport surface is normally described through the direction attribute | |
| CodeWindCharacteristicType | VRB | Wind direction on airport surface is variable |
TwoDimensionalPointType
Derived from GM_Point and extended to include Horizontal Accuracy properties.
ValConcentrationType
The value of a concentration, which represent the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
ValDistanceType
The separation between two points.
ValPressureType
The value of a pressure.
ValSpeedType
The measure of motion in terms of speed in a particular direction. It is usually calculated using the simple formula, the change in position during a given time interval.